Adhesives are essential materials in book binding because they are used for attaching sheets, reinforcing joints, fixing end papers, covering boards, and attaching the book cover. The choice of adhesive has a direct effect on the strength, flexibility, appearance, and durability of a bound book. In library preservation, adhesives should therefore be chemically stable, non-acidic, flexible, and capable of forming a strong but reversible bond. The common varieties of adhesives used in book binding include paste, animal glue, starch paste, dextrin, synthetic adhesives, and polyvinyl acetate (PVA). Paste made from wheat or rice starch is one of the traditional adhesives used by bookbinders and conservators. It is relatively safe for paper, provides good penetration, and can generally be removed with water. However, improperly prepared paste may support mould growth and may lose strength in humid conditions. Dextrin adhesives are modified starch products that provide good adhesion and are used for various paper and binding operations. Animal glues, such as hide glue and gelatin glue, have traditionally been used in book binding. They provide strong