Question
Trace the evolution of India’s animal welfare policy by analyzing how statutory
frameworks like the PCA Act translate into executive action. Use contemporary examples
to illustrate the balance between state policy commitments and cultural or economic
practices.
Answer :
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India’s animal welfare policy has evolved through a gradual transition from traditional compassion-based practices to a structured legal and administrative framework. The development of animal welfare governance in India reflects the interaction between constitutional values, statutory laws, executive mechanisms, and socio-economic realities. The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act, 1960, serves as the primary statutory foundation for preventing unnecessary suffering to animals and has significantly influenced government policies and administrative actions. The PCA Act, 1960 was enacted to prevent cruelty towards animals and promote humane treatment. It established legal provisions against acts causing unnecessary pain or suffering and created the Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) as an advisory body to the government. Over time, the Act has supported the development of rules and regulations concerning animal experimentation, transport, slaughter, and the management of performing animals. Through these frameworks, statutory principles have been converted into executive actions by government departments, local authorities, and regulatory agencies. The executive implementation of animal welfare policies involves multiple institutions. The Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying coordinates national-level welfare initiatives, while state governments implement programmes through veterinary departments and local bodies. The Animal Welfare Board of India provides recommendations, conducts awareness programmes, and supports enforcement of welfare standards. Rules such as the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Transport of Animals)
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