The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Transport of Animals on Foot) Rules, 2001 were introduced under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, with the objective of ensuring humane treatment of animals during transportation by foot. In many parts of India, animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and other livestock are moved over long distances for trade, agricultural purposes, breeding, and slaughter. Walking transport remains common in rural and semi-urban areas, especially where modern transportation facilities are limited. The rules attempt to regulate this process by establishing minimum standards related to animal handling, care, rest, feeding, watering, and protection from unnecessary suffering. The scope of the PCA (Transport of Animals on Foot) Rules, 2001 is extensive as they cover various aspects of animal movement through traditional routes. The rules recognize that transportation is a stressful phase in an animal’s life and that improper handling can lead to injuries, exhaustion, dehydration, and psychological distress. They prescribe requirements for the fitness of animals before transportation, stating that only healthy and suitable animals should be moved. Sick, injured, weak, pregnant, or otherwise unfit animals should not be transported as they are more vulnerable to suffering. The rules also focus on the manner in which animals should be driven. They prohibit beating, overloading, excessive force, and the use of cruel methods during movement. Animal handlers are expected to ensure that animals are not subjected to unnecessary pain or fear. The distance covered in a day, resting periods, availability of water, and access to food are important considerations under the rules. Adequate rest intervals are necessary because continuous walking for long periods can cause fatigue, injuries, and even death, particularly in harsh climatic conditions. Another important aspect of these rules is the requirement of proper facilities along transportation routes. Arrangements for watering and resting animals are necessary during long journeys. The rules also emphasize that animals should not be forced to walk under extreme weather conditions without protection. Shade, shelter, and suitable environmental conditions help reduce heat stress and exhaustion. These provisions reflect the principle that animal welfare requires not only prevention of cruelty but also active care and protection. The implementation of the PCA (Transport of Animals on Foot) Rules, 2001 faces several challenges. One of the major difficulties is inadequate enforcement mechanisms. Although legal provisions exist, monitoring animal movement across vast rural areas is challenging. Transportation routes often pass through villages, highways, and remote areas