The social ecology perspective in India developed through an interaction between ecological realities, cultural traditions, colonial policies, and post-independence development strategies. Unlike the Western tradition, where social ecology largely emerged as a critique of industrial capitalism and environmental degradation, the Indian perspective evolved from the close relationship between communities and natural resources, emphasizing the interdependence of society, culture, and environment. The intellectual roots of social ecology in India can be traced to traditional ecological knowledge embedded in ancient Indian philosophy. Concepts such as harmony between humans and nature, sustainable resource use, and reverence for forests, rivers, and wildlife were reflected in the Vedas, Upanishads, Buddhist teachings, and indigenous tribal traditions. Sacred groves, community-managed forests, and customary water conservation systems illustrated how ecological conservation was integrated with social and religious life. These practices recognized that environmental well-being was essential for social stability and economic survival. The colonial period marked a significant transformation in India's ecological relations. British forest policies, commercial agriculture, mining, and large-scale extraction of natural resources disrupted traditional