The concept of the "risk society" was developed primarily by the German sociologist Ulrich Beck and later expanded by Anthony Giddens and other sociologists. It explains how modern industrial societies increasingly face risks created by human activities rather than by nature alone. Environmental Sociology uses this concept to understand the relationship between modernization, technological development, environmental degradation, and social inequality. Ulrich Beck introduced the idea of the risk society in his influential work *Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity* (1986). According to Beck, industrial development has produced new forms of risks such as climate change, nuclear accidents, air and water pollution, chemical contamination, and biodiversity loss. These risks are different from traditional risks because they are global, unpredictable, invisible, and often irreversible. Beck argued that while industrial society focused on the production and distribution of wealth, contemporary society increasingly struggles with the production and distribution of risks.