Cryptographic protocols are standardized methods that use encryption, authentication, integrity verification, and key management techniques to protect network communication. These protocols ensure that data transmitted over public or private networks remains confidential, authentic, and unaltered. As cyber threats continue to evolve, secure cryptographic protocols have become essential components of internet communication, online banking, e-commerce, cloud computing, email services, and virtual private networks. One of the most widely used cryptographic protocols is Transport Layer Security (TLS). TLS provides secure communication between clients and servers over the internet. It encrypts transmitted data, authenticates the communicating parties using digital certificates, and ensures message integrity through cryptographic hash functions. TLS is commonly used to secure websites through HTTPS, protecting sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, payment details, and personal data. Modern versions such as TLS 1.2 and TLS 1.3 offer stronger encryption and better performance than earlier versions. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is the predecessor of TLS. SSL was originally developed to secure communication between web browsers and web servers. Although SSL introduced encrypted communication and authentication, it contains several known security vulnerabilities. As a result, SSL has been deprecated and replaced by TLS. However, the term SSL is still commonly used to refer to secure web communication. Secure Shell (SSH)