The Tebhaga Movement was one of the most significant peasant movements in colonial India. It emerged in Bengal during 1946–47 under the leadership of the Bengal Provincial Kisan Sabha, which was affiliated with the Communist Party of India. The movement represented the struggle of sharecroppers, locally known as *bargadars* or *adhiars*, against the exploitative system of land tenure. It sought to improve the economic and social conditions of peasants by demanding a larger share of the agricultural produce. Under the prevailing system, sharecroppers cultivated the land owned by landlords or *jotedars* and were required to hand over half of the harvested crop as rent. Besides this unequal division, they also had to bear most of the cultivation expenses, including seeds, labour, and agricultural inputs. The produce was usually stored in the granaries of the landlords, giving them complete control over measurement and distribution. This arrangement resulted in severe exploitation of poor peasants and kept them trapped in poverty. The immediate inspiration for the movement came from the recommendations of the Bengal Land Revenue Commission, popularly known as the Floud Commission, which suggested that sharecroppers should retain two-thirds or *tebhaga* of the produce because they provided the labour and most cultivation expenses. However, these recommendations were not implemented by the colonial government. Consequently, peasants organized themselves to enforce the demand for *tebhaga*, meaning two-thirds of the crop for the cultivator and only one-third for the landowner.