Question
ऋण बंधन
Answer :
Word Count : 651
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ऋण बंधन भारत के जनजातीय एवं कृषक समाजों की एक गंभीर सामाजिक-आर्थिक समस्या रही है। इसका आशय ऐसी स्थिति से है जिसमें कोई व्यक्ति या परिवार लिए गए ऋण को चुकाने में असमर्थ होने के कारण अपनी श्रमशक्ति, समय अथवा स्वतंत्रता को ऋणदाता के अधीन गिरवी रख देता है। यह केवल आर्थिक संबंध नहीं बल्कि सामाजिक, राजनीतिक और सांस्कृतिक नियंत्रण का भी माध्यम बन जाता है। भारत में विशेष रूप से जनजातीय क्षेत्रों तथा भूमिहीन कृषकों के बीच ऋण बंधन का संबंध गरीबी, संसाधनों की कमी, अशिक्षा तथा शोषणकारी संरचनाओं से जुड़ा हुआ है। पारंपरिक भारतीय ग्रामीण समाज में साहूकार, महाजन, जमींदार और व्यापारी ऋण प्रदान करने के प्रमुख स्रोत रहे हैं। जनजातीय समुदायों को कृषि, आजीविका, विवाह, मृत्यु संस्कार, त्योहार, चिकित्सा तथा प्राकृतिक आपदाओं के समय धन की आवश्यकता पड़ती थी। औपचारिक बैंकिंग सुविधाओं के अभाव में वे स्थानीय महाजनों से अत्यधिक ब्याज दरों पर ऋण लेने को विवश होते थे। ब्याज की दर इतनी अधिक होती थी कि मूलधन चुकाने के बाद भी ऋण समाप्त नहीं होता
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