Statistics can prove anything’
‘Figures cannot lie’
Comment on the above two statements, indicating reasons for the existence of such divergent views regarding the nature and functions of statistics
“Statistics can prove anything” is the statement of distrust:
Brief Note on Distrust on Statistics
It is a general belief that “statistics can prove anything.” This statement is partly true & false. It is false because more statistics should not be taken for granted without proper verification. It is true because statistics is often used by unscrupulous people to achieve their personal ends. This results in loss of faith or confidence on statistics or in causing distrust of statistics.
Distrust of statistics literally means lack of trust in statistical data, statistical analysis and the conclusion derived from it. We often hear statements like.
Statistics is an unreliable science.
Statistics are lies of the first order.
There are three types of lies-lies, demand lies & statistics.
Figures do not lie, liars figures
These are expressions of distrust in statistics these views of statistics from the misuse of statistics by interested parties. Publicity, advertisers of various products, Governments and other organizations are trying to promote their sectional interest using statistics and statistical methods. This causes distrust of statistics.
Some of the important reasons of distrust in statistics are the following:
Facts based in figures are more convincing. But these figures can be manipulated according to one’s wishes. This misguides public causing distrust in statistics.
Sometimes statistical analyses are misinterpreted causing distrust in statistics. Supposing the mortality rates of patients are more in Indian hospitals. From this one may wrongly conclude that it is safer to treat the patients at home. This type of misinterpretation also causes distrust in statistics.
Statistics are useful tools. One uses them according to his knowledge and experience. Use of statistics makes a statement more convincing. But its misuse causes distrust. So it is necessary that people should be adequately prepared to know the reality or to shift the truth from untruth, good statistics from bad statistics. WI. King has rightly observed “statistics are likely clay of which you can make a “God” or a “Devil” as you please.”
Another form of evidence is that Statistics are a favorite evidence of many writers and speakers. They provide actual numbers in support of ideas and conclusions. If you can show that 75% of high schools seniors cannot find Washington State on a map of North America, then it is strong evidence for your contention that high school seniors are not being taught the geography of the United States. Such evidence is not only difficult to refute, it's often accepted as the final word in what's true or not true.
Statistics are a prime source of proof that what you say is true. Statistics are based on studies: a search for possible connections between disparate facts that nonetheless have a connection. If you remember your math classes, you will recall the concept of sets and subsets. Statistics are, in large measure, concerned with that concept. They are basically telling you the proportion a subset represents in a set. To clarify this idea, look
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Bayes' Theorem
Bayes' Theorem
Calculate the mean, median and mode from the following data relating to production of a steel mill for 60 days
Standard normal distribution:
Statistics can prove anything’
‘Figures cannot lie’
Comment on the above two statements, indicating reasons for the existence of such divergent views regarding the nature and functions of statistics
A restaurant is experiencing discontentment among its customers. It analyses that there are three factors responsible viz. food quality, service quality and interior décor. By conducting an analysis, it assesses the probabilities of discontentment with the three factors as 0.40, 0.35 and 0.25 respectively. By conducting a survey among the customers, it also evaluated the probabilities of a customer going away discontented on account of these factors as 0.6, 0.8 and 0.5, respectively. With this information, the restaurant wants to know that, if a customer is discontented, what are the probabilities that it is so due to food, service or interior décor?
From the following data compute quartile deviation and the coefficient of skewness:
