Simulation and role play are important teaching strategies that promote active learning by engaging students in realistic situations and experiences. These methods move beyond traditional lecture-based teaching and encourage learners to participate, think critically, solve problems, and develop practical skills. They are widely used in classrooms, professional training, social sciences, management education, teacher education, and various skill-based learning environments. Simulation is a teaching strategy in which learners participate in an artificial but realistic environment that represents real-life situations. It allows students to practice skills, make decisions, and observe the consequences of their actions without facing actual risks. Simulations can include activities such as business games, computer-based models, mock experiments, classroom demonstrations, and simulated professional settings. The main purpose of simulation is to provide experiential learning where students can apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations. Role play is a related teaching strategy in which students act out specific roles in a given situation. Learners are assigned characters or responsibilities and are expected to respond according to the role they perform. Through role play, students explore different perspectives, understand human behaviour, and develop communication and interpersonal skills. For example, students may act as teachers and students, managers and employees, doctors and patients, or community members discussing a social issue. Both simulation and role