List the different methods used for assessment of nutritional status. How are a anthropometric measurements used in assessment of nutritional status?
Anthropometry has been accepted as an important tool for the assessment of nutritional status, particularly of children. Of the various parameters, weight for age, weight for height, arm circumference and height for age, either singly or in combination are extensively used for the purpose. Though local standards of reference are preferred for purposes of comparison, the use of a single international standard for all such as NCHS standards is now recommended to evaluate the nutritional status of children in developing countries.
Nutritional assessment is the interpretation of anthropometric, biochemical (laboratory), clinical and dietary data to determine whether a person or groups of people are well nourished or malnourished (over-nourished or under-nourished).
Nutritional assessment can be done using the ABCD methods. These refer to the following:
A.Anthropometry
B.Biochemical/biophysical methods
C.Clinical methods
D.Dietary methods.
The word anthropometry comes from two words: Anthropo means ‘human’ and metry means ‘measurement’.
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Elements of the Assessment
The data for a nutritional assessment falls into four categories: anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary.
Anthropometrics
Anthropometrics are the objective measurements of body muscle and fat . They are used to compare individuals, to compare growth in the young, and to assess weight loss or gain in the mature individual. Weight and height are the most frequently used anthropometric measurements, and skinfold measurements of several areas of the body are also taken.
As early as 1836, tables had been developed to compare weight and height in order to provide a reference for an individual's health status. The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company revised height
and weight tables in 1942, using data from policyholders, to relate weight to disease and mortality. There has been much discussion about the relevance (and appropriateness) of using the individuals who buy life insurance as a basis
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