Information privacy and e-commerce are deeply interconnected, to the extent that they can be described as two sides of the same coin. E-commerce thrives on the collection, processing, and analysis of personal data, while information privacy seeks to regulate and protect that very data from misuse, unauthorized access, and exploitation. The growth and sustainability of digital commerce depend significantly on how effectively privacy concerns are addressed. E-commerce platforms collect vast amounts of personal information, including names, addresses, phone numbers, payment details, browsing patterns, and purchase histories. This data enables businesses to personalize services, recommend products, streamline transactions, and improve customer experience. For example, online retailers use data analytics to understand consumer preferences and tailor advertisements accordingly. Without access to such information, the efficiency and competitiveness of e-commerce operations would be greatly reduced. Thus, personal data acts as a valuable economic asset in the digital marketplace. However, the very reliance on data creates significant privacy risks. Cyberattacks, data breaches, identity theft, and unauthorized data sharing have become common concerns in the digital age. When consumers provide sensitive financial or personal information online, they expose themselves to potential misuse. If e-commerce companies fail to safeguard this information, it can lead to financial loss, reputational damage, and erosion of consumer