Motivation is one of the most important elements in organisational behaviour as it influences employees’ willingness to perform, achieve goals, and contribute effectively to organisational success. Motivation refers to the internal and external forces that stimulate individuals to act in a particular manner. In organisations, motivated employees show higher productivity, better job satisfaction, creativity, commitment, and reduced absenteeism. Effective motivation helps align individual objectives with organisational goals. Managers use various motivational approaches such as recognition, rewards, career development opportunities, participation in decision-making, and supportive leadership to encourage employees. The concept of organisations as machines represents the traditional view of management where organisations are considered structured systems operating like machines. In this perspective, employees are treated as parts of