The iceberg phenomenon is an important concept in public health and hospital and health-service management. It refers to the situation in which the visible cases of a disease represent only a small proportion of the total burden of illness in a community. The larger, hidden portion consists of people who have the disease or health problem but remain undiagnosed, unreported, asymptomatic, or do not seek medical care. Thus, the cases seen by hospitals and health facilities are only the “tip of the iceberg,” while a much larger number of cases remain below the surface. The visible portion of the iceberg consists mainly of patients who develop noticeable symptoms and seek medical attention. These patients are diagnosed, recorded and treated in hospitals, clinics or other health facilities. Hospital statistics, therefore, often reflect only this relatively small and easily identifiable segment of disease occurrence. For example, in an infectious disease outbreak, hospitals may report patients with severe symptoms, while many individuals with mild or no symptoms may remain outside the formal health-care system. The submerged portion includes asymptomatic cases, undiagnosed cases, individuals with mild symptoms, people who do not consider their condition serious, and those who cannot or do not access health services. It