Migration, land alienation, indebtedness and debt bondage are some of the major socio-economic challenges that have deeply affected tribal populations in India. Tribal communities have traditionally maintained a close relationship with forests, land and natural resources, which form the basis of their livelihood, culture and identity. However, various historical, economic and developmental processes have disrupted this relationship and created conditions of vulnerability among tribal groups. Migration has significantly influenced tribal life by separating people from their traditional habitats and sources of livelihood. Many tribal communities migrate from their villages due to poverty, unemployment, displacement caused by development projects, environmental degradation and lack of basic facilities. Seasonal migration is common among tribal labourers who move to cities, construction sites, mines and agricultural regions in search of work. For example, tribal people from states like Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh often migrate to other states for employment in brick kilns, factories and farms. Such migration exposes them to exploitation, low wages, poor working conditions and loss of social and cultural connections. Migrant tribal workers often face difficulties in accessing education, healthcare and government welfare schemes because of their temporary settlements. Land alienation is another serious issue affecting tribal populations. Land is not only an economic resource