Question

How can an optimisation problem be represented mathematically. Explain with the help of an example. Explain the steps of designing a Greedy solution for an optimisation problem. Also explain the concept of local and global optimal solutions. Solve the following fractional Knapsack problem using greedy approach. Show all the steps.

18 Feb 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 561
An optimization problem can be represented mathematically by defining an objective function, a set of decision variables, and a set of constraints. The decision variables represent the choices to be made, the objective function represents the quantity to be maximized or minimized, and the constraints restrict the feasible values of the decision variables. In general form, an optimization problem can be written as: maximize or minimize f(x), subject to gᵢ(x) ≤ bᵢ for i = 1, 2, …, m, where x = (x₁, x₂, …, xₙ) are the decision variables, f(x) is the objective function, and gᵢ(x) are constraint functions. The set of all x satisfying the constraints is called the feasible region. For example, consider a simple production problem where a factory produces two products x₁ and x₂. The profit per unit of product x₁ is 40 and of x₂ is 30. The objective is to maximize profit Z = 40x₁ + 30x₂. Suppose production is
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