Question
Giving suitable examples discuss the use of phase transfer catalysts in the following reactions:
(i) Alkylation
(ii) Oxidation
(iii) Heck reaction
(iv) Wittig reaction
(v) Aldol and related reactions
Answer :
Word Count : 273
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Phase transfer catalysts (PTCs) are agents that facilitate the migration of a reactant from one phase into another where the reaction occurs, commonly between aqueous and organic phases. They are particularly useful in reactions involving ionic species in a nonpolar solvent. (i) Alkylation: PTCs enhance nucleophilic substitution reactions by transferring anions from the aqueous phase into the organic phase. For example, in the alkylation of phenoxide ions with alkyl halides, a quaternary ammonium salt
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