Gender equality refers to a condition in which women, men, and people of all genders enjoy equal rights, responsibilities, opportunities, and access to resources. It does not mean that everyone must be identical; rather, it means that gender should not determine a person's opportunities, social status, freedom, or ability to participate in economic, political, and social life. Gender equality is a fundamental human right and an essential requirement for sustainable and inclusive development. Gender inequality is deeply rooted in social structures, cultural practices, institutions, and power relations. Historically, women and girls have faced discrimination in areas such as education, employment, property ownership, political participation, healthcare, and decision-making. Gender-based division of labour often assigns unpaid domestic and care work primarily to women, limiting their opportunities for education, employment, and public participation. Patriarchal norms may also restrict women's mobility, autonomy, and control over resources. Therefore, achieving gender equality requires addressing not only individual discrimination but also the structural causes that reproduce inequality. The concept of gender equality