Learning is influenced by a variety of factors that interact with each other to shape how effectively an individual acquires knowledge and skills. These factors can be broadly categorized into internal and external influences. One of the most important factors is the learner’s physical and mental health. Proper nutrition, adequate sleep, and good physical condition help learners concentrate better and participate actively in the learning process. Cognitive abilities such as memory, intelligence, and prior knowledge also play a significant role in determining how new information is understood and retained. Motivation is another internal factor that influences learning. Learners who are motivated by curiosity, interest, or achievement goals tend to perform better