The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plays a critical role in regulating and developing the Indian securities market while ensuring investor protection. Established in 1988 and granted statutory powers in 1992 under the SEBI Act, its primary objective is to protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote the development and regulation of the securities market in India. Investor protection is central to SEBI's mandate because the confidence of investors is crucial for the stability and growth of equity markets. SEBI employs a multi-pronged approach that involves regulatory oversight, transparency enforcement, grievance redressal mechanisms, and educational initiatives to safeguard investors. Investor protection by SEBI begins with the establishment of a strong regulatory framework that ensures fair practices in the market. SEBI enforces rules and regulations that mandate full disclosure of information by companies issuing securities, thus protecting investors from fraud, misrepresentation, and insider trading. It requires listed companies to provide accurate financial statements, periodic reports, and prompt disclosure of price-sensitive information, enabling investors to make informed decisions. SEBI also regulates intermediaries such as brokers, sub-brokers, mutual funds, depositories, and registrars to ensure ethical conduct, financial soundness, and adherence to compliance standards. Licensing requirements, periodic audits, and penalties for non-compliance help maintain market integrity and protect investors from malpractices. One of the key instruments SEBI uses for investor protection is the Investor Protection Fund (IPF). The Investor Protection Fund is designed to compensate investors in the event of default by registered stockbrokers or sub-brokers, thereby ensuring that investors do not suffer due to the failure of intermediaries.