Climate change has emerged as one of the most significant global challenges with direct and indirect consequences on natural systems, human societies, and the ecological processes that sustain life. Among the sectors most vulnerable to its effects is agriculture, particularly agricultural biodiversity, which forms the foundation of food security, nutrition, and resilience of farming systems. Agricultural biodiversity refers to the variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms used directly or indirectly for food and agriculture, including crops, livestock, fisheries, and forest resources. The impacts of climate change on this biodiversity are profound, as changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, extreme weather events, and rising carbon dioxide levels alter habitats, disrupt ecological interactions, and put pressure on traditional farming practices. Understanding these impacts is crucial, as the erosion of agricultural biodiversity threatens the very systems that ensure food availability and stability for the growing global population. One of the primary impacts of climate change on agricultural biodiversity is the alteration of crop growth patterns due to temperature fluctuations. Many crop species are highly sensitive to specific ranges of temperature, and even slight increases can affect their productivity and distribution. For instance, cereals like wheat, rice, and maize have defined temperature thresholds for flowering and grain filling. With rising global temperatures, these processes are disrupted, leading to reduced yields and, in some cases, complete crop failures. Certain crop varieties that were once well-suited to specific regions may no longer be viable, forcing farmers to switch to other species or varieties. This reduces the diversity of traditional crops in many regions, as communities abandon long-cultivated varieties for a limited set of climate-resilient crops. Such a shift ultimately narrows the genetic base of agricultural biodiversity. Changes in precipitation patterns further compound these challenges. Climate change is intensifying the frequency and severity of droughts, floods, and irregular rainfall. Rain-fed agriculture, which supports a large share of smallholder farmers in developing countries, is particularly vulnerable. Unpredictable rainfall makes it