Antenatal Care (ANC) refers to the systematic care provided to a pregnant woman from conception until the onset of labour. It is an essential component of maternal and child health care because it promotes the health of the mother, supports normal fetal growth and development, and helps in the early detection and management of complications during pregnancy. The major components of antenatal care include early registration of pregnancy, regular antenatal visits, history taking, physical examination, laboratory investigations, nutritional care, preventive measures, health education, and identification and management of high-risk pregnancies. Early registration and history taking: Pregnancy should be registered as early as possible, preferably during the first trimester. A detailed history is obtained regarding the woman's age, menstrual history, previous pregnancies and deliveries, abortions, stillbirths, medical and surgical illnesses, medication use, allergies, family history and social conditions. Previous obstetric complications are particularly important for identifying high-risk mothers. Physical examination: General examination includes assessment of height, weight, nutritional status, pallor, edema, blood pressure and other vital signs. Abdominal examination is performed to assess uterine size, fundal height, fetal lie and presentation, and fetal heart rate. Regular monitoring helps assess maternal and fetal well-being and detect abnormalities. Laboratory investigations: Important investigations include hemoglobin estimation, blood group and Rh typing, urine examination, blood sugar testing and screening for infections such