Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is a serious communicable disease caused mainly by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*. Children usually acquire infection through inhalation of airborne droplets from an infectious adult, particularly a household contact. Childhood TB is an important maternal and child health concern because young children, especially infants and those with poor nutritional status or weakened immunity, are more likely to develop severe forms of the disease. The source of infection is commonly an adult with pulmonary tuberculosis. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings, TB bacteria may enter the surrounding air. Children living in overcrowded or poorly ventilated homes have a greater risk of exposure. The risk is also increased by malnutrition, inadequate immunization, HIV infection, and close contact with a person suffering from active TB. The clinical manifestations of childhood TB vary according to the age of the child and the site of infection. Common symptoms include persistent cough, fever, loss of appetite, weight loss or failure to gain weight, weakness, night sweats, and lethargy. In young children, symptoms may be nonspecific and may resemble other childhood respiratory infections. Pulmonary TB is the