Friedrich Nietzsche launched one of the most influential critiques of traditional morality in contemporary Western philosophy by questioning the foundations of religious beliefs, moral values, and metaphysical assumptions that had dominated Western civilization for centuries. He argued that conventional morality, especially Christian morality, was not based on objective or universal truths but was historically constructed and shaped by social, psychological, and political forces. His critique sought to expose the hidden motives behind accepted moral systems and to encourage the creation of new values rooted in human creativity, strength, and self-affirmation. Nietzsche distinguished between two fundamental types of morality: master morality and slave morality. Master morality emerged among strong, noble, and powerful individuals who valued qualities such as courage, pride, independence, excellence, and self-confidence. In this moral framework, "good" referred to what was noble, life-affirming, and powerful, while "bad" simply referred to what was weak or ordinary. Moral judgments arose naturally from the perspective of those who possessed strength and confidence. In contrast, slave morality developed among the weak, oppressed, and powerless. According to Nietzsche, those who lacked physical or political power transformed their weakness into a moral virtue. Instead of admiring strength, they condemned it as evil and praised humility, obedience, compassion, patience, and self-sacrifice as moral ideals. Christianity became the highest expression of slave morality because it glorified suffering, meekness, and the hope of rewards in an afterlife while condemning earthly success, ambition, and power. Nietzsche believed that this inversion of values resulted from