Critical Theory emerged in the early twentieth century as a distinctive approach to social and philosophical analysis that sought not merely to interpret society but to transform it. It was developed primarily by scholars associated with the Frankfurt School, who combined insights from Marxism, sociology, psychology, economics, and philosophy to explain the persistence of domination and inequality in modern capitalist societies. Unlike traditional theory, which focuses on objective description and explanation, Critical Theory emphasizes emancipation, social justice, and the critique of existing social structures. One of the central principles of Critical Theory is the critique of ideology. It argues that dominant political, economic, and cultural institutions create systems of belief that justify inequality and exploitation. These ideologies appear natural and universal, but they often serve the interests of powerful groups. Critical theorists examine how institutions such as education, religion, media, and law reproduce social domination by shaping people's beliefs and values. The goal is to expose hidden power relations and promote critical awareness among individuals. Another important principle is the rejection of positivism. Critical theorists criticize the idea that social sciences should imitate the methods of natural sciences by focusing only on observable facts. They argue that social reality is shaped by historical, cultural, and political forces and therefore cannot be understood through value-neutral observation alone. Knowledge is influenced by social interests, and philosophy should critically examine the conditions under which knowledge is produced rather than claiming