Motivation is an important function of Human Resources because employees perform better when their needs, expectations and aspirations are properly understood and satisfied. Several theories have been developed to explain what motivates employees and how managers can encourage better performance. Three important approaches are Abraham Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory, Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, and Frederick Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory explains human motivation through a hierarchy of five basic needs. According to Maslow, individuals generally seek to satisfy lower-level needs before higher-level needs become strong motivators. The first level is physiological needs, such as food, water, rest and adequate working conditions. In an organisation, salary and reasonable working hours help satisfy these needs. The second level is safety needs, which include job security, safe working conditions, protection from physical harm and financial stability. The third level consists of social needs, including friendship, belongingness, teamwork and positive relationships with colleagues. The fourth level is esteem needs, involving recognition, status, respect, achievement and appreciation. The highest