Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. However, achieving sustainable development faces numerous issues and challenges, especially in the context of energy and environment. One of the major challenges is the increasing demand for energy due to population growth, urbanization, and industrialization. As countries strive for economic growth, the consumption of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas rises, leading to depletion of non-renewable resources and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. This dependence on conventional energy sources creates a conflict between economic development and environmental preservation. Another critical issue is environmental degradation caused by human activities. Deforestation, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and water pollution are major threats to sustainable development. Industrial processes, agricultural expansion, and urban sprawl disrupt natural ecosystems and reduce the resilience of the environment. Climate change, driven primarily by carbon dioxide and methane emissions, intensifies these problems by altering weather patterns, increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, and affecting agriculture and water resources. This presents a challenge for policymakers to balance