IGNOU MPA 33 2026 2027 - Enumerate the disaster-prone areas and discuss the vulnerability

Question

Enumerate the disaster-prone areas and discuss the vulnerability profile of India.

09 Jul 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 679

India is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world due to its diverse physiographic features, climatic variations, long coastline, and high population density. Natural hazards such as earthquakes, floods, cyclones, droughts, landslides, avalanches, tsunamis, and forest fires frequently affect different regions of the country. Rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, climate change, and socio-economic inequalities further increase the country's vulnerability to disasters. The major disaster-prone areas in India can be categorized according to the type of hazard. Earthquake-prone areas cover nearly 59% of India's landmass. The Bureau of Indian Standards has divided the country into four seismic zones—Zone II, III, IV, and V, with Zone V being the most severe. Highly vulnerable areas include Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, the northeastern states, parts of Bihar, Gujarat, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Flood-prone regions account for approximately 40 million hectares of land. States such as Assam, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Odisha, Punjab, Haryana, and

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