The politics of climate change negotiations are deeply rooted in the long-standing North-South divide that has shaped global relations since the colonial era. This divide represents not merely geographical distinctions but also historical, economic, and political inequalities between industrialized nations of the Global North and developing nations of the Global South. Climate change, though a universal challenge, has exposed and intensified these inequalities, leading to conflicting interests, divergent responsibilities, and persistent tensions in international climate diplomacy. Understanding the North-South politics in climate negotiations requires an exploration of the historical context, the principle of equity, financial and technological dimensions, as well as the evolving dynamics that continue to influence global environmental governance. Historically, the industrialized North bears the major responsibility for the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The process of industrialization that began in Europe and later expanded to North America and other developed regions was powered by the burning of fossil fuels, which triggered the current climate crisis. In contrast, the Global South, which includes Africa, Latin America, and much of Asia, contributed minimally to historical emissions but faces disproportionate impacts of climate change such as droughts, floods, heatwaves, and agricultural disruptions. This asymmetry formed the moral and political foundation of the climate justice discourse, emphasizing that those who contributed least to the problem are suffering the most from its consequences. Hence, when climate negotiations began under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992, the demand for fairness and differentiated responsibility became central to the negotiations. The principle of “Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities” (CBDR-RC) emerged from this context as the cornerstone of North-South climate politics. Developing countries argued that while all nations share the obligation to address climate change, the burden should not fall equally upon them. The developed North, having historically benefited from carbon-intensive growth, was seen as morally and economically responsible for leading mitigation efforts and assisting the South in its adaptation and sustainable development. This principle was strongly endorsed by the G77 and China group, representing the collective voice of developing nations, while many Northern countries, especially the United States and members of the European Union, sought to reinterpret or dilute it over time. The Kyoto Protocol of 1997 epitomized the early manifestation of this divide. It imposed legally binding emission reduction targets only on developed countries, recognizing their historical responsibility. However, it exempted developing nations from mandatory commitments, emphasizing their right to development. This asymmetry was a significant victory for the Global South, yet it triggered resentment among Northern countries, particularly the United States, which withdrew from the Protocol, arguing that emerging economies like China and India should also share binding responsibilities. The inability of Kyoto to bridge the North-South gap led to decades of contention in subsequent negotiations, as developing countries insisted on equity and developed countries sought broader participation. Financial and technological dimensions are central to the North-South politics of climate change. Developing countries often emphasize that their ability to transition to low-carbon economies and adapt to climate impacts depends on access to financial resources and technology from the North. The UNFCCC established mechanisms for financial assistance, such as the Green Climate Fund (GCF), which was expected to mobilize $100 billion annually by 2020 to support developing countries. However, the failure of