IGNOU MEDS 44 2017 2018 - Distinguish between graphic, descriptive, numerical and itemized ratin

Question

Distinguish between graphic, descriptive, numerical and itemized rating scales.

23 Jan 2018

Answer :

Word Count : 1170

GRAPHIC (BAR) SCALES

A graphic scale is a ruler printed on the map and is used to convert distances on the map to actual ground distances. The graphic scale is divided into two parts. To the right of the zero, the scale is marked in full units of measure and is called the primary scale. To the left of the zero, the scale is divided into tenths and is called the extension scale. Most maps have three or more graphic scales, each using a different unit of measure. When using the graphic scale, be sure to use the correct scale for the unit of measure desired.

Figure 5-2. Using a graphic (bar) scale.

Using a graphic (bar) scale.

a. To determine straight-line distance between two points on a map, lay a straight-edged piece of paper on the map so that the edge of the paper touches both points and extends past them. Make a tick mark on the edge of the paper at each point .

Figure 5-3. Transferring map distance to paper strip.

Transferring map distance to paper strip.

b. To convert the map distance to ground distance, move the paper down to the graphic bar scale, and align the right tick mark (b) with a printed number in the primary scale so that the left tick mark (a) is in the extension scale.

Figure 5-4

Measuring straight-line map distance.

c. The right tick mark (b) is aligned with the 3,000-meter mark in the primary scale, thus the distance is at least 3,000 meters. To determine the distance between the two points to the nearest 10 meters, look at the extension scale. The extension

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