Accounting is a broad process of identifying, recording, classifying, summarising, analysing and communicating financial information about an organisation. Cost accounting is a specialised branch of accounting concerned primarily with determining, analysing and controlling the costs incurred in producing goods or providing services. In the context of Informetrics and Scientometrics, accounting principles can be applied broadly to financial and resource-related records of information institutions, while cost accounting helps determine the costs associated with information generation, processing, storage, dissemination and retrieval. Accounting records the overall financial transactions of an organisation. It provides information about assets, liabilities, capital, income, expenses and profits or losses. Its main purpose is to present a systematic picture of the financial position and performance of an organisation. For example, a library, research institution or information centre may use accounting to record salaries, purchases, grants, subscriptions, equipment expenditure and other financial transactions. Cost accounting has a narrower and more analytical focus. It determines the cost of particular activities, services, products or operations. In information science, it may be used to calculate the cost of acquiring databases, processing documents, indexing and abstracting publications, maintaining digital repositories, providing online information services, or producing research reports. It helps managers understand how resources are consumed by different information