Designing wind farms involves balancing the goal of maximizing energy generation with the need to minimize environmental and social impacts. Wind energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and supporting sustainable development. However, the placement, size, and technology used in wind farms can create conflicts between efficiency and ecological or community concerns. During wind farm design, engineers and planners must carefully evaluate these trade-offs to ensure long-term sustainability. Maximizing energy output primarily depends on selecting locations with strong and consistent wind resources. Offshore areas and high-altitude coastal regions generally provide higher wind speeds, which increase turbine capacity factors and improve economic viability. Organizations such as the Global Wind Energy Council emphasize that large-scale deployment in high-wind zones is essential for meeting global renewable energy targets. However, such optimal locations are not always environmentally or socially suitable. For example, offshore wind farms may interfere with marine ecosystems, fishing activities, or shipping routes. Turbine size and spacing also influence energy efficiency and environmental impact. Larger turbines with higher hub heights can capture stronger winds and generate more electricity per unit area. This helps reduce land use requirements and supports energy maximization. However, very large turbines may