Planning and organizing are two fundamental functions of management that are closely interconnected and are particularly important in Development Planning and Management. Planning determines what is to be achieved, while organizing establishes how resources, people and responsibilities will be arranged to achieve those objectives. Together, they provide a systematic framework for implementing development programmes effectively and efficiently. Planning involves identifying development needs, setting objectives, assessing available resources, selecting appropriate strategies and deciding the sequence of activities. In development management, planning is essential because resources are generally limited while social and economic needs are extensive. It helps governments, development agencies and community organizations establish priorities and formulate programmes according to identified needs. For example, a district administration planning a rural development programme may identify inadequate drinking water as a major problem, set targets for improving access to safe water and prepare an action plan for constructing water facilities. Planning also reduces uncertainty and provides a basis for decision-making. It enables managers to anticipate future challenges, estimate financial and human requirements and establish measurable targets. Development plans such as poverty-reduction programmes, health initiatives or rural employment schemes require clear objectives, timelines and resource estimates to ensure effective implementation. Organizing is the process of arranging activities, resources and people in a coordinated structure.