Human trafficking is a serious violation of human rights and a major social and political issue in Canada and across the world. Women play multiple roles in the context of human trafficking, primarily as victims and survivors, but sometimes also as activists, policymakers, social workers, and, in some cases, traffickers themselves. The issue is deeply connected with gender inequality, poverty, migration, violence, organized crime, and social discrimination. In Canada, women and girls are disproportionately affected by trafficking, especially Indigenous women, immigrant women, refugees, and economically vulnerable individuals. Understanding the role of women in human trafficking requires examining these different dimensions within the framework of Canadian politics and society. Women are most commonly recognized as victims of human trafficking. In Canada, the majority of reported trafficking cases involve women and girls who are trafficked for sexual exploitation. Human traffickers often target individuals who are socially or economically vulnerable. Young women facing poverty, homelessness, family abuse, addiction, lack of education, or social exclusion are particularly at risk. Indigenous women and girls are especially vulnerable because of historical discrimination, colonialism, intergenerational trauma, and systemic inequality. Reports from Canadian organizations and the government have repeatedly highlighted the overrepresentation of Indigenous females among trafficking victims. Human traffickers use manipulation, deception, threats, and violence to control women. Many traffickers initially pretend to offer friendship, love, employment, or financial support. In Canada, the “boyfriend method” is commonly used, where traffickers emotionally manipulate young women before forcing them into exploitation. Women who are trafficked often experience physical abuse,