Human trafficking represents a severe violation of human rights and has far-reaching implications for public health, particularly in a developed and diverse society like Canada. It encompasses the exploitation of individuals through forced labor, sexual exploitation, and other forms of coercion, often targeting vulnerable populations such as migrants, Indigenous communities, women, and youth. In the Canadian context, trafficking is both a domestic and transnational issue, shaped by socio-economic inequalities, systemic discrimination, and gaps in policy implementation. From a public health perspective, human trafficking creates complex and long-term health challenges. Victims frequently experience physical injuries due to violence, poor working conditions, and lack of access to basic healthcare. These may include untreated infections, chronic pain, malnutrition, and reproductive health issues. In cases of sexual exploitation, there is a high risk of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS, as well as unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions. Limited autonomy and constant surveillance by traffickers prevent victims from seeking timely medical care, thereby exacerbating these health conditions. Mental health consequences are equally profound. Survivors often suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and