Question
Discuss the physiological basis of acidosis and alkalosis and the role of kidneys in their regulation.
Answer :
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Acidosis and alkalosis are disturbances in the body’s acid-base balance, which is critical for normal cellular function. Acidosis refers to an increase in hydrogen ion concentration in the blood, resulting in a decrease in pH below the normal range of 7.35–7.45. It can be classified as respiratory or metabolic. Respiratory acidosis occurs due to hypoventilation, which leads to retention of carbon dioxide and formation of carbonic acid. Metabolic acidosis arises from excess production of non-volatile acids, loss of bicarbonate, or impaired renal acid excretion. Common causes
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