Question
Describe the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation.
Answer :
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Blood coagulation is a complex process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It involves a cascade of reactions in which inactive clotting factors are activated sequentially. The process can be initiated through two pathways: intrinsic and extrinsic, both leading to the common pathway that forms a stable fibrin clot. The intrinsic pathway is activated by damage to the blood vessel itself or exposure of blood to negatively charged surfaces. It begins with the activation of factor XII (Hageman factor) upon contact with subendothelial collagen. Activated factor XII then converts factor
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