Social and emotional development in children refers to the gradual process through which children learn to understand themselves, relate to others, express feelings appropriately, and develop values and social skills necessary for effective functioning in society. During the elementary school years, usually between the ages of six and twelve, children undergo significant changes in their social relationships and emotional understanding. These changes are influenced by biological maturation, family environment, peer interactions, school experiences, and the broader socio-cultural context. In the early elementary years, children begin to move beyond the family as the primary social unit and start forming meaningful relationships with peers and teachers. Friendships become increasingly important, and children start preferring playmates of the same age and often the same gender. Social interactions at this stage are largely activity-based, where children bond over shared games, classroom tasks, and common interests. They learn basic social skills such as cooperation, sharing, turn-taking, and following rules. These skills are essential for group participation and classroom adjustment. Children also start to understand social norms and expectations, learning what behaviors are acceptable and unacceptable in different settings. As children grow older within the elementary stage, their social world expands and becomes more complex. Friendships shift from being centered on shared activities to being based on trust, loyalty, and mutual understanding. Children begin to value qualities such as honesty, kindness, and reliability in their friends. Peer groups and cliques often emerge, providing children with a sense of belonging and identity. At