Urban development in India has expanded rapidly due to industrialisation, economic growth, migration, and increasing employment opportunities in cities. However, this growth has also created several social, economic, environmental, and infrastructural problems. The major problems of urban development are closely associated with rapid population growth, inadequate planning, unequal distribution of resources, and weak urban governance. One of the major problems is rapid and unplanned urbanisation. Large numbers of people migrate from rural areas to cities in search of employment, education, healthcare, and better living conditions. When urban growth occurs faster than the capacity of cities to provide services, it results in overcrowding, pressure on infrastructure, and deterioration of the quality of life. Many Indian cities have expanded without adequate land-use planning and proper zoning. Housing shortage is another serious problem. The high cost of urban land and housing makes formal accommodation unaffordable for low-income groups. Consequently, slums and informal settlements have expanded in many cities. These settlements often lack adequate drinking water, sanitation, drainage, electricity, waste disposal, and secure housing rights. Poor housing conditions increase vulnerability to diseases, poverty, and social insecurity. Urban poverty and unemployment are also significant