Social problems and social movements are closely interconnected aspects of social life. A social problem refers to a condition or situation that adversely affects a significant section of society and is considered undesirable or harmful. Poverty, unemployment, caste discrimination, gender inequality, child labour, communalism, domestic violence, environmental degradation and corruption are examples of social problems in India. Social movements, on the other hand, are organised and sustained collective efforts by individuals or groups seeking to bring about, resist or modify social change. The relationship between social problems and social movements is therefore reciprocal: social problems often provide the basis for movements, while social movements attempt to challenge, transform or resolve such problems. Social problems frequently emerge from unequal social structures, discriminatory practices and the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities. When affected groups become aware of these inequalities, they may organise collectively to demand justice and reform. Thus, social problems can become the immediate causes of social movements. For example, caste-based discrimination and untouchability contributed to movements for Dalit rights and social equality. Similarly, gender discrimination, violence against women and unequal access