The conflicts in Bangladesh, particularly the 1971 Liberation War, have raised significant issues under International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The 1971 conflict was characterized by widespread violations of the laws of war, targeting both combatants and civilians, and involved actions that challenged the core principles of IHL, including distinction, proportionality, and protection of non-combatants. The use of excessive force, mass killings, sexual violence, and forced displacement were among the most prominent IHL concerns during this period. Civilians were deliberately targeted, violating the principle of distinction, which requires parties to a conflict to differentiate between combatants and non-combatants. Reports of large-scale massacres, particularly in Dhaka and other major towns, demonstrated a disregard for this fundamental principle. Another major IHL issue during the Bangladesh conflict was the systematic use of sexual violence as a weapon of war. Thousands of women were subjected to rape and sexual assault, actions that constitute grave breaches under the Geneva Conventions and are recognized as war crimes and crimes against humanity under customary international law. These acts also illustrate violations of human dignity and the prohibition of torture, both central