Social work has evolved differently across various continents, influenced by cultural values, economic conditions, political systems, and social needs. Although the forms and methods of helping people have varied, the common objective has been to promote social welfare, reduce poverty, protect vulnerable populations, and improve the quality of life. The historical development of social work reflects the transition from informal charitable practices to a professional discipline based on scientific knowledge, ethics, and organized intervention. In Europe, the roots of social work can be traced to religious charity during the medieval period. Churches, monasteries, and voluntary organizations provided assistance to the poor, sick, elderly, and orphans. The Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries led to rapid urbanization, unemployment, poor housing, and exploitation of workers. These social problems demanded organized welfare measures. England introduced the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601, which established the responsibility of local authorities to care for the poor. During the nineteenth century, the Charity Organization Society (COS) emphasized scientific charity,