Land degradation refers to the decline in the quality and productive capacity of land due to natural processes and human activities. It is a major environmental issue that affects the human–environment relationship by reducing the ability of land to support ecosystems, agriculture, and human livelihoods. The effects of land degradation are wide-ranging and impact ecological balance, economic stability, social well-being, and long-term sustainable development. One of the most significant effects of land degradation is the loss of soil fertility. Processes such as soil erosion, salinization, nutrient depletion, and contamination remove essential nutrients from the soil, making it less productive. This directly affects agricultural output, leading to reduced crop yields and food insecurity. In regions dependent on agriculture for livelihoods, degraded land increases poverty, unemployment, and dependence on external food supplies, thereby weakening local economies. Land degradation also leads to increased soil erosion by wind and water. When vegetation cover is removed due to deforestation, overgrazing, or improper