In South Africa, control over administration is exercised through a combination of constitutional, legislative, judicial, parliamentary, financial, and independent institutional mechanisms. These mechanisms are designed to ensure that public administration remains accountable, transparent, lawful, responsive, and consistent with democratic principles. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, provides the fundamental framework for controlling administrative power. Parliament exercises an important role through legislative oversight and scrutiny of the executive. Ministers and departments are accountable to Parliament for their actions and expenditure. Parliamentary committees examine departmental policies, programmes, reports, and financial performance. Questions to ministers, debates, investigations, and committee hearings provide opportunities to identify administrative failures and demand corrective action. Parliament also exercises control through the approval and monitoring of the national budget. Judicial control is another major mechanism. South African courts have the authority to review administrative decisions and actions to ensure that they comply with the Constitution and relevant laws. The Promotion of Administrative Justice Act, 2000, strengthens this control by requiring administrative action to be lawful, reasonable, procedurally fair, and transparent. Individuals affected by improper administrative decisions can approach courts for appropriate remedies. Judicial review therefore prevents arbitrary use of administrative authority and protects citizens' rights. The Constitutional Court, Supreme