Social solidarity refers to the bonds, shared values, norms, beliefs, and mutual obligations that unite individuals into a cohesive society. It is one of the central concepts in sociological thought, particularly associated with the work of Émile Durkheim, who regarded it as the moral force that integrates individuals into the social order. Social solidarity explains how societies maintain stability, cooperation, and collective existence despite differences among individuals. It emphasizes that society is more than a mere collection of individuals; it is a moral community held together by common consciousness and institutional arrangements. Durkheim introduced the concept systematically in his work *The Division of Labour in Society* (1893). He argued that the form of solidarity changes as societies evolve from simple to complex structures. According to him, solidarity is not merely an emotional attachment but a social fact that exists independently of individuals and shapes their actions through norms, customs, and institutions. Durkheim distinguished between two ideal types of social solidarity: mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. Mechanical solidarity is characteristic of traditional, simple, and homogeneous societies where individuals share similar occupations, beliefs, customs, and