The concept of development has undergone significant transformations over time, reflecting changing social, economic, political, and environmental realities. In sociology of development, the term “paradigm shift” refers to a fundamental change in the way development is understood, explained, and practiced. Earlier development discourses were dominated by economic growth-oriented approaches, while contemporary perspectives emphasize human welfare, social justice, sustainability, and participation. The initial development paradigm emerged after the Second World War and was strongly influenced by modernization theory. According to this perspective, development was viewed as a linear process through which traditional societies would gradually transform into modern industrial societies. Scholars such as Walt Rostow argued that societies progress through different stages of economic growth, with industrialization, urbanization, and technological advancement considered essential indicators of development. The focus was primarily on increasing national income, productivity, and economic modernization. However, this approach was criticized for ignoring cultural diversity, historical contexts, social inequalities, and the negative consequences of rapid industrialization. During the 1960s and