The proposition that overpopulation is the main cause of poverty in developing countries has been a subject of considerable debate in sociology of development. While rapid population growth undoubtedly exerts pressure on resources, employment, housing, education, and healthcare, it is an oversimplification to regard overpopulation as the sole or even the principal cause of poverty. Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by historical, structural, political, economic, and social factors that interact with demographic changes. The classical Malthusian perspective argued that population tends to grow faster than food production, leading to scarcity, famine, and poverty. Neo-Malthusians similarly contend that excessive population growth reduces per capita income, increases dependency ratios, depletes natural resources, and limits governments' ability to provide essential public services. In many developing countries, high fertility rates have contributed to unemployment, underemployment, pressure on agricultural land, urban overcrowding, environmental degradation, and inadequate infrastructure. Large families often divide limited household resources among many dependents, restricting