District heating is a centralized system that provides thermal energy in the form of hot water or steam from a central source to multiple buildings within a defined area. It is designed to improve energy efficiency, reduce carbon emissions, and optimize the use of fuel resources by distributing heat from a single, often larger, energy plant rather than relying on individual heating systems in each building. The central plant can utilize a variety of energy sources, including fossil fuels, biomass, geothermal energy, waste heat from industrial processes, or combined heat and power (CHP) systems, which produce both electricity and heat simultaneously. The core principle of district heating involves generating heat at a central location and then distributing it through an insulated network of pipes to residential, commercial, and institutional buildings. These pipes carry either hot water or steam, depending on the system design, which is then used for space heating, domestic hot water, or industrial processes. Buildings connected to the system are equipped with heat exchangers, which transfer the thermal energy from the