The distinction between the sacred and the profane is one of the foundational concepts in the sociology of religion, most systematically developed by the French sociologist Émile Durkheim in *The Elementary Forms of Religious Life*. According to Durkheim, every religion divides the world into two categories: the sacred and the profane. This distinction is not based on the inherent qualities of objects or practices but on the meanings that society assigns to them. The sacred refers to things that are regarded as extraordinary, holy, revered, and worthy of respect. Sacred objects, places, persons, symbols, beliefs, and rituals are set apart from ordinary life and are protected by religious rules and taboos. They evoke feelings of awe, devotion, and reverence among believers. Sacredness is socially constructed through collective beliefs and practices. A temple, church, mosque, or sacred text becomes sacred because members of a religious community collectively recognize and treat it as such. Sacred entities are often associated with supernatural powers, moral authority, and spiritual significance. In contrast, the profane encompasses the ordinary, routine, and secular aspects of everyday life. Profane activities include