The environment in which human beings live can broadly be understood in terms of natural environment, man-made environment, and social environment. Each of these environments has distinct characteristics and influences human life in different ways. A clear differentiation among them helps in understanding the complex relationship between humans and their surroundings. The natural environment refers to all those elements that are created by nature and exist independently of human intervention. It includes landforms such as mountains, plains, rivers, oceans, climate, soil, air, water, forests, wildlife, and other natural resources. The natural environment provides the basic life-support systems necessary for human survival, including oxygen, water, food, and raw materials. It operates according to natural laws and ecological processes, such as the water cycle, carbon cycle, and energy flow. Human beings can use and modify the natural environment to some extent, but they cannot create it. Natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, cyclones, and volcanic eruptions highlight the dominance of nature over human control. In contrast, the man-made environment, also known as the built or